The Bullmastiff is a large, affectionate dog breed known for its loyalty and devotion to family members. Bred in 1860 by British gamekeepers, they crossed Bulldogs with Mastiffs to create a powerful dog capable of following commands and guarding estates from poachers. The American Kennel Club officially recognized the Bullmastiff in 1933. These dogs are impressive in size, weighing between 100 and 130 pounds and standing 24 to 27 inches tall at the shoulder. Their broad heads, muscular builds, and short, dense coats (which come in fawn, red, or brindle) make them stand out.
Caring for a Bullmastiff
Bullmastiffs are known for being affectionate and calm around family members but are fearless protectors when faced with a threat. They’re good with children and other dogs, but supervision is necessary during interactions. Training and socializing a Bullmastiff early on is crucial, as these dogs grow into strong and energetic giants. Basic commands like “sit” and “stay” are important, as are leash training and remaining calm around others. They require daily exercise, such as long walks or playtime in a fenced yard, though they’re not suited for long-distance running due to their limited stamina.
Bullmastiff Health Issues
While Bullmastiffs are generally healthy and live for 7-9 years, they can suffer from certain conditions, especially if not bred responsibly. Some common health issues include:
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): This heart disease causes the heart to become enlarged, impairing its function. Symptoms include a rapid heart rate, coughing, difficulty breathing, lethargy, and in severe cases, weight loss or collapse.
- Entropion: A condition where the eyelid rolls inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the eye, leading to pain and corneal ulcers. Surgery is needed to correct this issue.
- Subaortic Valvular Stenosis (SAS): This genetic heart condition is passed down from a dog’s parents. It restricts blood flow in the heart and can cause lethargy, collapse, or even sudden death in severe cases.
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): An inherited eye condition that leads to gradual blindness. Regular eye exams can detect it, and breeders should test for the gene mutations that cause PRA.
- Hip Dysplasia: This inherited condition occurs when the femur doesn’t sit correctly in the hip joint, leading to arthritis. Symptoms include limping and difficulty rising. Early detection and management through joint supplements or surgery can help.
- Elbow Dysplasia: A similar inherited condition affecting the elbows, it often requires surgery to prevent further joint damage.
- Lymphoma: A type of cancer that originates in the lymph nodes and can spread to other organs. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, lethargy, and weight loss. Treatment usually involves chemotherapy.
- Bloat and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV): Bloat happens when a dog’s stomach fills with gas, and if left untreated, can turn into GDV, where the stomach twists and cuts off blood circulation. Preventative surgery, smaller meals, and exercise management can help reduce the risk.
Feeding and Nutrition
Bullmastiffs thrive on high-quality large- or giant-breed dog food. Their diet should consist mainly of dog food (90%) with a small percentage of treats (10%). Puppies should be fed a large-breed puppy formula until they’re around 18-24 months old, after which they can switch to adult food. To prevent bloat or GDV, it’s recommended to feed them two or three meals a day rather than one, avoid exercise an hour before and after meals, and consider using a slow-feeder bowl if your dog eats too quickly.
Behavior and Training Tips
Bullmastiffs are known for their gentle temperament with family members, including children. However, they can be cautious around strangers, making socialization during puppyhood crucial. Early training is essential to handle this breed’s energy and size as they grow into strong adults. Bullmastiffs are intelligent and quick learners, excelling in obedience training and classes like agility or nose work. Socialization is key to ensuring they are comfortable around other dogs and pets.
In terms of behavior, Bullmastiffs are generally calm and not prone to anxiety, but they are protective of their home and family. If you don’t want this protective behavior to dominate, it’s important to start training early.
Fun Activities for Bullmastiffs
- Agility
- Nose work
- Rally
- Obedience training
- Tracking
Grooming Guide
Bullmastiffs have short, coarse fur that sheds seasonally and requires minimal grooming. Brushing them monthly and bathing them as needed will keep their coat in good condition. However, they do drool, so expect some extra cleaning around your home.
- Skin Care: Occasional baths are enough to maintain skin health, and regular nail trimming is important to avoid nail breakage.
- Coat Care: Their short fur doesn’t need professional grooming, and a monthly brush should handle any shedding.
- Eye Care: Bullmastiffs may develop tear stains, so cleaning their eyes with a warm cloth when necessary is helpful. If they have entropion, surgery is often the solution.
- Ear Care: With their large ear canals, Bullmastiffs can be prone to ear infections. Cleaning their ears every two to three weeks can prevent this.
Bullmastiffs are strong, loyal dogs that form deep bonds with their families. Proper training and socialization are key to handling their size and strength while maintaining a healthy diet and regular vet check-ups can help avoid common health issues. Grooming and feeding routines are straightforward, making them relatively low-maintenance in terms of care. With the right attention, these gentle giants can be loving, protective companions.