The Chow Chow is one of the world’s oldest dog breeds, with roots tracing back to China’s Han Dynasty (206 BCE to 220 CE). Known for their unique look and distinctive personality, these “Chows” eventually made their way to Europe and the U.S., where they gained a following for their regal demeanor.
Chow Chows have worn many hats over the centuries. Historically, they’ve worked as guard dogs, hunters, cart-pullers, and loyal companions. As part of the non-sporting breed group, they stand out with their iconic squished face, droopy eyes, luxurious coat, and rare blue-black tongue.
Key Characteristics of Chow Chows
Chow Chows, when fully grown, are typically 17–20 inches tall and weigh between 45–70 pounds. Their soft, fluffy coats, flat faces, and curled tails might invite snuggles, but these dogs prefer their personal space respected. Though naturally aloof and reserved around strangers or other pets, Chows can warm up if they’re well-socialized early on.
Due to their intelligence and strong-willed nature, Chows aren’t always the best fit for first-time dog owners. However, with patience and understanding, they make devoted companions who are loyal to those they love.
Common Health Issues in Chow Chows
When considering a Chow Chow, it’s wise to budget for pet insurance or potential medical expenses. Chows have a shorter lifespan than some breeds, averaging eight to twelve years, and can be prone to specific health issues:
- Hip Dysplasia: This condition, common in large dogs, happens when the hip joint forms improperly, leading to pain, arthritis, and an abnormal gait. Treatment varies from pain management to surgery.
- Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia affects joint development, often leading to arthritis. Watch for limping or gait changes, and consult a vet if you notice any symptoms.
- Patellar Luxation: When the knee joint slips out of place, Chows may display a hopping gait or an intermittent limp. Treatment ranges from pain management to surgery.
- Hypothyroidism: This disorder causes the thyroid to produce insufficient hormones, leading to fatigue, weight gain, and a dry coat. There’s no cure, but lifelong medication can help your dog live comfortably.
- Diabetes: Older or overweight Chows are more susceptible to diabetes, which requires lifelong insulin and dietary changes to manage symptoms like lethargy, weight loss, and excessive thirst.
- Eye Issues: Chows can develop cataracts, entropion (inward rolling eyelids), distichiasis (extra eyelashes), and glaucoma. These conditions may be inherited or linked to other health issues.
- Stomach Cancer and GDV (Bloat): While stomach cancer is rare, Chow Chows are at a slightly increased risk. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, or GDV, is a life-threatening form of bloat where the stomach fills with gas and twists. Symptoms include retching, drooling, and a swollen stomach. Talk to your vet about the possibility of preventive surgery.
Feeding and Nutrition for Your Chow Chow
Since they are more prone to obesity and its related health issues, feeding them a nutritious, balanced diet is essential. Look for dog foods that meet the guidelines of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and are suitable for your dog’s life stage.
Feeding Tips for a Healthy Chow Chow
- Serve multiple smaller meals daily rather than a single large one to reduce bloat risk.
- Avoid exercise right before or after meals, and try a slow-feeder bowl to help prevent your pup from eating too quickly.
- Avoid elevated food bowls, as they can increase bloat risk.
The amount you feed your pup will depend on factors like age, weight, and activity level, so always follow the guidelines on your food’s packaging and consult your vet for personalized advice. Some Chows might also benefit from joint and coat supplements—talk to your vet about options like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3s.
Temperament and Training Tips
Chow Chows are known for their independent, intelligent personalities and are usually close to one particular family member. While they’re not the most cuddly breed, they’ll show affection on their terms and appreciate personal space.
Early socialization is crucial to help a Chow Chow develop into a confident, calm adult. Because this breed is naturally reserved, introduce your puppy to as many people, sounds, and experiences as possible. Short, fun training sessions with positive reinforcement work best for this intelligent but sometimes stubborn breed.
Fun Activities for Chows
- Games like fetch and hide-and-seek
- Short, leisurely walks
- Obedience training and Treibball, a herding-inspired activity
Grooming Guide for a Chow Chow
With their thick double coat, Chow Chows shed moderately all year and heavily in spring and fall. They can have red, cream, cinnamon, blue, or black fur, which requires frequent brushing (every other day) to prevent matting.
Essential Grooming Practices
- Skin Care: Bathe with high-quality dog shampoo. Avoid human shampoos, as they can irritate a Chow’s skin.
- Coat Care: Brush regularly using a Greyhound comb to keep the fur in good condition.
- Eye and Ear Care: Chows are prone to eye issues, so watch for discharge, swelling, or squinting. If your Chow’s long face hair irritates their eyes, regular trips to a groomer can help. Also, keep their ears dry, especially after baths or swimming, as moisture can lead to infections.
Owning a pup of this breed means investing time in grooming, nutrition, and health maintenance. However, with their unique looks, intelligence, and loyalty, these ancient, dignified dogs make deeply rewarding companions for those who respect their independent spirit.